Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a condition in pregnancy characterized
by sudden hypertension (a sharp rise in blood pressure), albuminuria
(leakage of large amounts of the protein albumin into the urine)
and edema (swelling) of the hands, feet, and face. Preeclampsia
is the most common complication of pregnancy, affecting roughly
5% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia usually appears in the second half
of the pregnancy, but can appear as early as the fifth month. If
left untreated, Preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, the final
and most severe phase of preeclampsia which can cause seizures,
coma, and even death for both the mother and fetus.
Preeclampsia occurs most frequently in first
pregnancies, in pregnant teens, and in pregnant women over 40.
Preeclampsia is also more common in women who have diabetes or who
are carrying twins. In many cases, a family history of preeclampsia
is also a risk factor. Other risk factors include: a history of
chronic high blood pressure, previous history of preeclampsia, obesity
prior to pregnancy, and a history of diabetes, kidney disease, lupus,
or rheumatoid arthritis. Preeclampsia can prevent the placenta from receiving enough blood, which
can cause to low birth weight. Preeclampsia is also one of the
leading causes of premature births and the difficulties sometimes
associated with them, including epilepsy, learning disabilities,
cerebral palsy, and problems with hearing and/or vision. General
treatment involves bed rest and medication. If ineffective, the
induction of labor and delivery or a C-section may are the next
options. Preeclampsia is always resolved a short time after the
baby is born.
The exact causes of preeclampsia are unknown.
Insufficient blood flow to the uterus, poor nutrition, and high
body fat are thought to be possible causes.
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